Shirkadaha semiconductor-ka Mareykanka ma bixin karaan lacag ay ku dhisaan warshado horumarsan oo ku yaal Shiinaha ama ay ku sameeyaan jajabyo suuqa Mareykanka.
Shirkadaha semiconductor-ka Mareykanka ee qaata $280 bilyan oo ah dhiirigelinta CHIPS iyo Sharciga Sayniska ayaa laga mamnuucayaa inay maalgashadaan Shiinaha. Wararkii ugu dambeeyay waxay si toos ah uga yimaadeen Xoghayaha Ganacsiga Gina Raimondo, oo shalay wariyeyaasha ugu warbixisay Aqalka Cad.
CHIPS, ama Xeerka Dhiirigelinta Faa'iidada leh ee Wax-soo-saarka Semiconductor-ka ee Mareykanka, wuxuu gaaray $52 bilyan oo u dhiganta $280 bilyan waana qayb ka mid ah dadaalka dowladda federaalka ay ku soo nooleyneyso wax-soo-saarka semiconductor-ka gudaha Mareykanka, kaas oo ka dambeeya Taiwan iyo Shiinaha.
Sidaas darteed, shirkadaha tignoolajiyada ee hela maalgelinta federaalka ee hoos timaada Xeerka CHIPS ayaa laga mamnuucayaa inay ganacsi ka sameeyaan Shiinaha muddo toban sano ah. Raimondo wuxuu tallaabadan ku tilmaamay "deyr lagu hubinayo in dadka hela maalgelinta CHIPS aysan khatar gelin doonin amniga qaranka."
"Looma ogola inay lacagtan u isticmaalaan inay maalgashadaan Shiinaha, ma horumarin karaan tiknoolajiyadda horumarsan ee Shiinaha, mana u dhoofin karaan tiknoolajiyadda ugu dambeysay dibadda." ".natiijo."
Mamnuuciddu waxay ka dhigan tahay in shirkaduhu aysan lacagta u isticmaali karin inay ku dhisaan warshado horumarsan Shiinaha ama ay soo saaraan jajabyo suuqa Mareykanka ee bariga dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirkadaha tiknoolajiyadda waxay ballaarin karaan oo keliya awooddooda wax soo saarka jajabyada ee Shiinaha haddii badeecadaha lagu bartilmaameedsado oo keliya suuqa Shiinaha.
"Haddii ay qaataan lacagta oo ay sameeyaan wax ka mid ah tan, waxaan lacagta dib ugu celin doonnaa," Raimondo ayaa ku jawaabay weriye kale. Raimondo wuxuu xaqiijiyay in shirkadaha Mareykanka ay diyaar u yihiin inay u hoggaansamaan mamnuucidda la dhigay.
Faahfaahinta iyo faahfaahinta mamnuuciddan waxaa go'aan laga gaari doonaa Febraayo 2023. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Raimondo wuxuu caddeeyay in istaraatiijiyadda guud ay ku tiirsan tahay ilaalinta amniga qaranka ee Mareykanka. Sidaa darteed, ma cadda in shirkadaha horey u maalgashaday Shiinaha oo ku dhawaaqay wax soo saar ballaaran oo ku yaal dalka ay tahay inay ka laabtaan qorshayaashooda.
"Waxaan shaqaaleysiin doonnaa dad si adag uga shaqeeyay qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay, waa khubaro ku takhasusay warshadaha semiconductor-ka, waxaana isku dayi doonnaa inaan hal mar wada xaajoodno heshiis, runtiina waxaan cadaadis ku saari doonnaa shirkadahan inay noo caddeeyaan - waxaan u baahanahay inay sidaas sameeyaan marka la eego shaacinta maaliyadeed, noo caddeeyaan marka la eego maalgashiga raasamaalka - noo caddeeyaan in lacagtu ay lagama maarmaan u tahay sameynta maalgashigaas."
Tan iyo markii sharci naadir ah oo laba geesood ah, oo ah Xeerka Chip, la saxiixay bishii Agoosto, Micron waxay ku dhawaaqday inay $40 bilyan ku maalgelin doonto wax soo saarka Mareykanka dhammaadka tobanka sano.
Qualcomm iyo GlobalFoundries waxay ku dhawaaqeen iskaashi $4.2 bilyan ah si kor loogu qaado wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka xarunta dambe ee New York. Horraantii, Samsung (Texas iyo Arizona) iyo Intel (New Mexico) waxay ku dhawaaqeen maalgashi balaayiin doolar ah oo lagu sameeyay warshadaha chip-ka.
$52 bilyan ee loo qoondeeyay Xeerka Chip-ka, $39 bilyan waxay ku baxdaa kicinta wax soo saarka, $13.2 bilyan waxay ku baxdaa cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta shaqaalaha, halka $500 milyan ee soo hartayna ay ku baxdo hawlaha silsiladda sahayda semiconductor-ka. Waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigtay 25 boqolkiiba deynta canshuurta maalgashiga ee kharashyada raasamaalka ee loo isticmaalo soo saarista semiconductor-yada iyo qalabka la xiriira.
Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Warshadaha Semiconductor (SIA), wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka waa warshad $555.9 bilyan ah oo furi doonta daaqad cusub marka la gaaro 2021, iyadoo 34.6% ($192.5 bilyan) oo ka mid ah dakhligaas ay tagayaan Shiinaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soosaarayaasha Shiinaha ayaa wali ku tiirsan naqshadaha semiconductor-ka Mareykanka iyo tignoolajiyada, laakiin wax soo saarku waa arrin ka duwan. Wax soo saarka Semiconductor-ka waxay u baahan tahay sannado silsilado sahay ah iyo qalab qaali ah sida nidaamyada lithography ultraviolet ee aadka u daran.
Si looga gudbo dhibaatooyinkan, dowladaha shisheeye, oo ay ku jirto dowladda Shiinaha, waxay isku dareen warshadaha waxayna si joogto ah u bixiyeen dhiirigelin ku saabsan wax soo saarka jajabyada, taasoo keentay hoos u dhac ku yimid awoodda wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka Mareykanka laga bilaabo 56.7% sannadkii 2013 ilaa 43.2% sannadkii 2021. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarka jajabyada Mareykanka ayaa ah 10 boqolkiiba oo keliya wadarta guud ee adduunka.
Xeerka Chip-ka iyo tallaabooyinka mamnuucidda maalgashiga ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geystay kor u qaadista wax soo saarka chips-ka Mareykanka. Sanadka 2021, 56.7% saldhigyada wax soo saarka ee shirkadaha xarunta dhexe ee Mareykanka ayaa ku yaalli doona dibadda, sida laga soo xigtay SIA.
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